Waterborne diseases pose major challenges in developing countries. The World Health Organization estimates that 90.0% of the 2.3 million people who die annually due to waterborne diseases come from developing countries. At the same time fluorosis occurrence in the world’s geological fluoride belts has left many people maimed due to drinking highly fluoridated water. This work is in two parts.

Solid waste disposal has grown into a prominent problem in most developing countries arising
from population growth and urbanization in the cities. Municipal authorities who are responsible
in enforcing existing by-laws appear not to have the capacity to tackle the worsening situation of
waste. The purpose of the study was to look at the locals' knowledge, attitudes, and practices
around management of solid waste in Eastleigh, Nairobi County. Choosing Eastleigh as the

Hydropower is sustainable and environmentally friendly source of energy worldwide. Driven by streamflow, it is vulnerable to climate change and land use land use change. The hydropower production from the two-existing run-of-river hydropower projects on the Sondu Miriu river are vulnerable to rainfall variability and requires proper understanding of the climate change trends and policies to support sustainable hydropower development and put in place strategies for building resilience for the local communities.