Infectious diseases are a public health concern, as they cause serious illnesses in humans. Among infectious diseases, malaria, leishmaniasis, and bacterial diseases account for about a million fatalities per year. Globally, two hundred million cases of malaria were reported in 2019, with over four hundred thousand fatalities. Africa is the epicentre of malaria, accounting for at least 94 percent of all reported cases. Similarly, the World Health Organization reports 30,000 new infections of visceral leishmaniasis yearly, with 20,000 deaths.

Climate variability changes ultimately impacts on agriculture and subsequently food
productivity and security. In Kenya, milk production is predominantly smallholder and
dependent on rain fed agriculture. To ensure that dairy farmers are empowered to effectively
prepare, adapt and mitigate the effect of extreme climate changes, this study aimed at
investigating the effect of climate change on milk production in smallholder farms; a case of
Nandi county, Kenya. Primary data sources of data included observed and climate model

Nuclear forensics (NF) is a systematic and scientific methodology designed to identify, categorize, and characterize seized nuclear and radiological materials (NRM). The aim of NF is to reveal the geographical origin, process/production history, age and intended use of the NRM to prevent future diversions and thefts, thereby strengthening the national security of a country. The limitation in NF at the moment is the absence of suitable methodologies to directly, rapidly and non-invasively analyze limited size of NRM under concealed conditions.